Neo-soul harmoniser

Write a few notes of a tune, with the rhythm they have. This puts a chord under each bar — not under each note — dressed the way the style dresses it, picks a grip that keeps your line on top, finds the finger to move while it rings, and plays it against the groove so you can hear what each of those is worth.

One symbol is an eighth note, eight to a bar. G a note · . a rest · - hold the last note · G*3 hold it three · | a barline, for your eyes only · G4 a particular octave. Where the notes fall matters more than which they are, which is what the grid is for.
12
E
G
E
D
THE KEY IT IS IN
SIMPLE LINES TO START FROM
2 bars · 4 notes · 86bpm

Play them back to back. The chords are the same degrees in both; almost everything you hear change is rhythm and touch.

What the style did

BAR
1 iii7
2 Imaj7
PLAYED PLAINLY
Em
C
NEO-SOUL
Em9
Cmaj9

The top row is not a rival harmonisation — it is these same degrees, voiced the way a style that prefers triads would voice them. Holding the roman numerals still is what makes the rest of the difference visible.

The chords
Plain: Em · C
Neo-soul: Em9 · Cmaj9

The same degrees of the same key. 2 of the 2 bars change quality: the style reaches for a ninth or an eleventh where pop and rock reach for a triad.

How often they change
Plain: one chord a bar
Neo-soul: one chord a bar

Unchanged, and worth saying: harmony is chosen for the bar, not for each note. There are 2.0 melody notes per bar here, and they move over the chord rather than each getting one — which is the difference between this and a harmony exercise.

The feel
Plain: 116bpm, straight eighths, chord on the beat
Neo-soul: 86bpm, swung 56%, damped chops off the beat

The single biggest difference, and the one no chord chart shows. The same chords played square on the beat are not this style.

The hands
Plain: strum the shape
Neo-soul: 1 of the 2 bars have a finger that moves while the chord rings

The hammer-on or pull-off under a chord that is already ringing is what a diagram cannot photograph, and a good half of what the style sounds like.

Bar by bar

BAR 1EG
EmEm9iii7signature
The note it is built on. The bar leans on the G: the note that weighs most here, by how long it is held and where it falls. Over Em9 that is the 3rd, the note that decides whether the chord is major or minor. A melody sitting on a guide tone is doing the harmonic work itself, which is why arrangers put the 3rd and the 7th nearest the tune. the rule
The rest of the bar. the E is the root. The chord holds all of them.
The colour. Played plainly this degree is Em. Neo-soul rates m9 a signature quality and reaches for it first, so the same bar becomes Em9.
The grip. The 1st (high E) string is the bar's own note, so the tune is the top of the chord and stays audible.
The embellishment. Nothing worth moving on this grip: every finger is holding something the chord needs. Let it ring.
BAR 2ED
CCmaj9Imaj7signature
The note it is built on. The bar leans on the D: the note that weighs most here, by how long it is held and where it falls. Over Cmaj9 that is the 2, a colour tone the chord names, so it is supported outright. the rule
The rest of the bar. the E is the 3. The chord holds all of them.
The colour. Played plainly this degree is C. Neo-soul rates maj9 a signature quality and reaches for it first, so the same bar becomes Cmaj9.
The move from the last bar. Em9 to Cmaj9, down a major third.
The grip. The 2nd (B) string is the bar's own note, so the tune is the top of the chord and stays audible.
The embellishment. Hammer the 2nd (B) string, fret 3 to fret 5, while the chord rings. That is the 9 to 3, and the chord becomes Cmaj7. Play it on beat 3, under the chop struck on the “and” of 2, while that one is still ringing.

The feel

Every bar is the pattern below: 86bpm, sixteenths swung about 56%, the full grip on the downbeat and the rest of it landing where the bar does not. Damped chops rather than rung strums, so the chord stops before the next one arrives and the space between them is part of the pattern. The melody is played a few milliseconds behind all of it, because nobody plays a line exactly on the grid.

1234
  • beat 1the whole grip
  • the “and” of 2the top four strings
  • the “e” of 3the top two strings
  • beat 4the top four strings
  • the “and” of 4the top two strings
  • beat 3 — no strike at all: the fretting hand moves under the chord struck on the “and” of 2.

How it chose

The bar is the unit, not the note. All the notes in a bar are weighed together — by how long each is and where it falls — and one chord is chosen to carry them. A short note off the beat that fits nothing is a passing note, so the harmony does not have to flinch at it. Putting a chord under every melody note is what makes a harmonisation sound like an exercise.

The degree comes first. Every chord in and around C major is tested against those notes and rated by what they do in it: strongest on the 3rd or 7th, available as a tension a whole step above a chord tone, unusable a semitone above one.

Then the style says how to play it. Neo-soul reaches for maj9, m9, m11, 69, maj7 before a plain triad, so the degree is written as the first of those the chord can be — checked against the melody again, since a quality that puts the tune a semitone above a chord tone is not an upgrade.

Then the bars are chosen together. Best chord per bar gives a bad progression, so these are picked over the whole phrase at once, scoring root motion as well as fit — and holding a root while only the colour changes is worth something here that it would not be worth in another style, which is why a vamp is allowed to be a vamp.

Then the hand. The shape is picked to put the bar’s own note on the top string, in the octave it is actually in, then for staying near the last shape. The embellishment is whichever hammer-on or pull-off this grip has a finger free for, preferring one that leaves the melody string alone.

METHOD & SOURCES

The harmonic classifications are the Berklee ones and are cited on each bar; which notes of a bar the harmony has to agree with is the ordinary account of structural against ornamental tones. The style profile is a different kind of claim and a weaker one: No corpus study of neo-soul harmony exists, for either strain, so these levels are read off the teaching literature and the recordings rather than counted. The reading is weighted to the modern guitar players, which raises maj7, add9 and 6/9 above where a profile of the 1990s keyboard records would put them; it does not lower the altered dominants, which both strains treat as core vocabulary.

  • Ted Pease, Jazz Composition: Theory and Practice. Berklee Press, 2003. How a melody sits against its harmony; guide tones as the notes that carry the changes.
  • Walter Piston (rev. Mark DeVoto), Harmony. W. W. Norton, 5th ed., 1987. The Table of Usual Root Progressions -- for each degree, the chords it is usually followed by and the ones it goes to less often; harmonising a melody.
  • Ted Pease & Ken Pullig, Modern Jazz Voicings. Berklee Press, 2001. Voicing under a melody: which chord tones are essential and which are dropped first.
  • Barrie Nettles & Richard Graf, The Chord Scale Theory and Jazz Harmony. Advance Music, 1997. Chord scales, available tensions and unavailable notes, and harmonic function -- the Berklee harmony curriculum in published form.
  • Mark Levine, The Jazz Theory Book. Sher Music, 1995. Chords and their scales; the avoid-note test; altered dominants; guide tones; tritone substitution; chord substitution by common tone.
  • Emily J. Lordi, The Meaning of Soul: Black Music and Resilience since the 1960s. Duke University Press, 2020. What the term covers, and the 1990s records the later guitar strain is answering.
  • Mark Levine, The Jazz Theory Book. Sher Music, 1995. The vocabulary this harmony borrows: 9ths and 11ths as ordinary chord tones, sus dominants, the lydian major 7th.
  • Emma Winston & Lawrence Saywood, Beats to Relax/Study To: Contradiction and Paradox in Lo-Fi Hip Hop. IASPM Journal 9(2), 40-54, 2019. What lofi hip hop is as a style and a scene. It is not an account of the harmony, and is cited only for the boundary of the idiom.
  • Pickup Music, Neo-Soul Learning Pathway; Get the Neo-Soul Sound in 10 Days; Neo-Soul Guitar Chords for Beginners (Julia Mahncke). pickupmusic.com, 2024. The nearest thing this style has to a curriculum, taught in part by the players below. Major, minor and dominant chords, then altered dominants, then extensions; 7♭13 and the altered scale off the melodic minor are taught as core vocabulary rather than as advanced colour.
  • Guitar World, Melanie Faye on her neo-soul style and signature chord; Melanie Faye guitar lesson; Tom Misch guitar lesson. guitarworld.com, 2021. Faye names a first-inversion m(maj7) as her signature chord and the 7♯5♯9 "Gales chord" alongside Hendrix’s 7♯9; both lessons put major, minor and dominant 9ths at the centre of the style.
  • Primary recordings, Melanie Faye, Ruben Wan, Tom Misch (Geography, 2018) and Mateus Asato; the lofi canon after Nujabes and J Dilla. independent / Beyond the Groove / Hyde Out, 2018. The players these weightings were listened against, and where the guitar reading departs from the keyboard one.
  • Antecedent recordings, D'Angelo, Voodoo (2000); Erykah Badu, Baduizm (1997); Robert Glasper Experiment, Black Radio (2012). Virgin / Kedar / Blue Note, 2012. Where the idiom comes from, and still the reference for how its dominants are voiced.

Midi Settings

7.5
Play Style
One pass of the pick from the lowest string up, everything left ringing.
Instrument
350
150

Style

Shows each chord the way this style would voice it, and marks which of its alternatives belong to the idiom.

Layout

Left Handed Mode